Freshwater and marine aquarium magazine skin#
Effective treatments include the use of copper compounds and malachite green.Īdditional ectoparasites infesting the skin and gills of their fish hosts are the dinoflagellates Piscinoodinium pillulare and Amyloodinium ocellatum. Heavy infections result in desquamation, cellular proliferation, and fusion of terminal gill lamellae, and these severe lesions are responsible for the death of the hosts Mom and Nigrelli, 1970). Light infections with this Chilodenella-like parasite are characterized by a mild inflammatory response and an increase in tissue eosinophilia.
A number of chemical treatments are known to eradicate tomites, including copper sulfate, formalin, quinine hydrochloride, and malachite green.Īnother lethal ciliate that parasitizes the gills of marine fishes is Brooklynella hostilis. Resulting petechial lesions may serve as foci for secondary infections of non-specific Pseudomonas (Nigrelli and Ruggieri, 1966). In advanced stages trophonts ulcerate and infiltrate the epithelium. Tissue irritation caused by the ciliates results in epithelial hyperplasia and excessive secretion of mucus on the body and gills. These free-swimming, infective stages penetrate into and eventually become covered by the host's epithelium, resulting in characteristic white spots or papules on the surface of the fish. After multiple unequal divisions, hundreds of tomites are liberated from each tomont. Trophonts on the skin and gills mature, fall to the substratum, and encyst, becoming tomonts. Life cycles of these parasites are similar. Trophonts of both of these organisms are easily recognized by their large size, their distinct macronuclei, and their constantly rotating motion. Two of these common parasites are the ciliates Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, infecting freshwater fishes, and its marine counterpart, Cryptocaryon irritans. This paper reviews the morphology, life history, pathology, and treatment of the several frequently encountered and deleterious parasites infecting aquarium fishes. If you don't see something that you want, please check back in the future.Numerous protozoan and metazoan parasites infect both freshwater and marine aquarium fishes, and many of these cause mass mortalities among fishes in tropical aquaria and oceanaria.
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Freshwater and marine aquarium magazine free#
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